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  21.     id AA24375; Tue, 25 Mar 1997 19:14:58 -0800
  22. X-Sender: cpreston@briet.sims.berkeley.edu
  23. Message-Id: <v03007806af5d9cd9ddb3@[128.48.100.36]>
  24. Mime-Version: 1.0
  25. Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
  26. Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
  27. Date: Tue, 25 Mar 1997 07:19:26 -0800
  28. To: urn-ietf@bunyip.com
  29. From: Cecilia Preston <cecilia@well.com>
  30. Subject: [URN] draft Bibliographic Identifiers to URNs
  31. Status: R
  32. Sender: owner-urn-ietf@Bunyip.Com
  33. Precedence: bulk
  34. Reply-To: Cecilia Preston <cecilia@well.com>
  35. Errors-To: owner-urn-ietf@Bunyip.Com
  36.  
  37. As promised for the next meeting.  Cliff, Ron and I are responsible for
  38. content, I am responsible for typos etc.
  39.  
  40.  
  41. --Cecilia
  42.  
  43.  
  44. <fontfamily><param>Times</param><bigger>
  45.  
  46. </bigger></fontfamily><bigger><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Internet
  47. Draft                                Clifford
  48. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  49.  
  50. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>draft-ietf-urn-biblio-00.txt
  51.        University of
  52. California</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  53.  
  54. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>22 March 1997          =20
  55.                     Cecilia
  56. Preston</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  57.  
  58. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Expires in six months  =20
  59.                     Preston &
  60. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  61.  
  62. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  63.                      Ron Daniel
  64. Jr.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  65.  
  66. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  67.      Los Alamos National
  68. Laboratory</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  69.  
  70.  
  71.  
  72. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>          Using Existing
  73. Bibliographic Identifiers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  74.  
  75. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  76.     as </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  77.  
  78. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                 =20
  79. Uniform Resource Names</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  80.  
  81.  
  82.  
  83. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Status of this
  84. Document</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  85.  
  86.  
  87. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>This document is an
  88. Internet-Draft.  Internet-Drafts are
  89. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  90.  
  91. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>working documents of the
  92. Internet Engineering Task Force
  93. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  94.  
  95. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(IETF), its areas, and
  96. its working groups.  Note that other
  97. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  98.  
  99. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>groups may also
  100. distribute working documents as
  101. Internet-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  102.  
  103. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Drafts.</fontfamily><fontfami=
  104. ly><param>Times</param>
  105.  
  106.  
  107. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Internet-Drafts are
  108. draft documents valid for a maximum of
  109. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  110.  
  111. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>six months and may be
  112. updated, replaced or made obsolete by
  113. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  114.  
  115. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>other documents at any
  116. time.  It is inappropriate to use
  117. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  118.  
  119. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Internet-Drafts as
  120. reference material or to cite them other
  121. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  122.  
  123. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>than as works in
  124. progress. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  125.  
  126.  
  127. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Distribution of this
  128. document is unlimited.  Please send
  129. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  130.  
  131. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>comments to
  132. clifford.lynch@ucop.edu and
  133. cecilia@well.com.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  134.  
  135.  
  136. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>This document does not
  137. specify a standard; it is purely
  138. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  139.  
  140. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>informational.</fontfamily><f=
  141. ontfamily><param>Times</param>
  142.  
  143.  
  144.  
  145. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>0.
  146. Abstract</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  147.  
  148.  
  149. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>A system for Uniform
  150. Resource Names (URNs) must be
  151. capable</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  152.  
  153. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of supporting
  154. identifiers from existing widely-used naming
  155. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  156.  
  157. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>systems.  This document
  158. discusses how three major
  159. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  160.  
  161. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>bibliographic
  162. identifiers (the ISBN, ISSN and SICI) can be
  163. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  164.  
  165. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>supported within the URN
  166. framework and the currently
  167. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  168.  
  169. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>proposed syntax for
  170. URNs.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  171.  
  172.  
  173.  
  174.  
  175. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  176.                            [Page
  177. 1]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  178.  
  179.  
  180. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  181. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  182. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  183.  
  184.  
  185.  
  186. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>1.
  187. Introduction</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  188.  
  189.  
  190. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The ongoing work of
  191. several IETF working groups, most
  192. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  193.  
  194. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>recently in the Uniform
  195. Resource Names working group, has
  196. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  197.  
  198. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>culminated the
  199. development of a syntax for Uniform Resource
  200. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  201.  
  202. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Names (URNs).   The
  203. functional requirements and overall
  204. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  205.  
  206. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>framework for Uniform
  207. Resource Names are specified in RFC
  208. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  209.  
  210. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>1737 [Sollins &
  211. Masinter] and the current proposal for the
  212. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  213.  
  214. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URN syntax is
  215. draft-ietf-urn-syntax-04.txt
  216. [Moats].</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  217.  
  218.  
  219. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>As part of the
  220. validation process for the development of
  221. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  222.  
  223. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URNs the IETF working
  224. group has agreed that it is important
  225. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  226.  
  227. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to demonstrate that the
  228. current URN syntax proposal can
  229. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  230.  
  231. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>accommodate existing
  232. identifiers from well managed
  233. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  234.  
  235. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>namespaces.  One such
  236. well-established infrastructure for
  237. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  238.  
  239. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>assigning and managing
  240. names comes from the bibliographic
  241. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  242.  
  243. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>community.=20
  244. Bibliographic identifiers function as names for
  245. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  246.  
  247. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>objects that exist both
  248. in print and, increasingly, in
  249. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  250.  
  251. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>electronic formats.=20
  252. This Internet draft demonstrates the
  253. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  254.  
  255. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>feasibility of
  256. supporting three representative bibliographic
  257. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  258.  
  259. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identifiers within the
  260. currently proposed URN framework and
  261. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  262.  
  263. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>syntax.</fontfamily><fontfami=
  264. ly><param>Times</param>
  265.  
  266.  
  267. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Note that this document
  268. does not purport to define the
  269. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  270.  
  271. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>"official" standard way
  272. of doing so; it merely demonstrates
  273. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  274.  
  275. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>feasibility.  It has not
  276. been developed in consultation with
  277. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  278.  
  279. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the standards bodies and
  280. maintenance agencies that oversee
  281. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  282.  
  283. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the existing
  284. bibliographic identifiers.  Any actual Internet
  285. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  286.  
  287. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standard for encoding
  288. these bibliographic identifiers as
  289. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  290.  
  291. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URNs will need to be
  292. developed in consultation with the
  293. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  294.  
  295. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>responsible standards
  296. bodies and maintenance
  297. agencies.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  298.  
  299.  
  300. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>In addition, there are
  301. several open questions with regard to
  302. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  303.  
  304. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the management and
  305. registry of Namespace Identifiers (NIDs)
  306. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  307.  
  308. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>for URNs.  For purposes
  309. of illustration, we have used the
  310. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  311.  
  312. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>three NIDs "ISBN",
  313. "ISSN" and "SICI" for the three
  314. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  315.  
  316. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>corresponding
  317. bibliographic identifiers discussed in this
  318. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  319.  
  320. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>document.  While we
  321. believe this to be the most appropriate
  322. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  323.  
  324. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>choice, it is not the
  325. only one.  The NIDs could be based on
  326. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  327.  
  328. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the standards body and
  329. standard number (e.g.
  330. "US-ANSI-NISO-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  331.  
  332. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Z39.56-1997" rather than
  333. "SICI").  Alternatively, one could
  334. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  335.  
  336. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>lump all bibliographic
  337. identifiers into a single
  338. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  339.  
  340. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>"BIBLIOGRAPHIC" name
  341. space, and structure the
  342. namespace-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  343.  
  344.  
  345. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  346.                           [Page
  347. 2]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  348.  
  349. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param> INTERNET
  350. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  351. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  352.  
  353.  
  354. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>specific string to
  355. specify which identifier is being
  356. used.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  357.  
  358. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>We do not believe that
  359. these are advantageous approaches,
  360. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  361.  
  362. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>but must wait for the
  363. outcome of namespace management
  364. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  365.  
  366. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>discussions in the
  367. working group. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  368.  
  369.  
  370. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For the purposes of this
  371. document, we have selected three
  372. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  373.  
  374. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>major bibliographic
  375. identifiers (national and international)
  376. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  377.  
  378. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to fit within the URN
  379. framework.  These are the
  380. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  381.  
  382. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>International Standard
  383. Book Number (ISBN) [ISO1], the
  384. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  385.  
  386. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>International Standard
  387. Serials Number (ISSN) [NISO1,ISO2,
  388. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  389.  
  390. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISO3], and the Serial
  391. Item and Contribution Identifier
  392. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  393.  
  394. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(SICI) [NISO2].  ISBNs
  395. are used to identify monographs
  396. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  397.  
  398. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(books).  ISSNs are used
  399. to identify serial publications
  400. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  401.  
  402. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(journals, newspapers)
  403. as a whole.  SICIs augment the ISSN
  404. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  405.  
  406. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>in order to identify
  407. individual issues of serial
  408. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  409.  
  410. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publications, or
  411. components within those issues (such as an
  412. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  413.  
  414. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>individual article, or
  415. the table of contents of a given
  416. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  417.  
  418. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>issue).  The ISBN and
  419. ISSN are defined in the United States
  420. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  421.  
  422. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>by standards issued by
  423. the National Information Standards
  424. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  425.  
  426. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Organization (NISO) and
  427. also by parallel international
  428. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  429.  
  430. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standards issued under
  431. the auspices of the International
  432. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  433.  
  434. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Organization for
  435. Standardization (ISO).  NISO is the
  436. ANSI-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  437.  
  438. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>accredited standards
  439. body serving libraries, publishers and
  440. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  441.  
  442. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>information services.=20
  443. The SICI code is defined by a NISO
  444. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  445.  
  446. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>document in the United
  447. States and does not have a parallel
  448. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  449.  
  450. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>international standards
  451. document at present. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  452.  
  453.  
  454. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Many other bibliographic
  455. identifiers are in common use (for
  456. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  457.  
  458. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example, the CODEN,
  459. numbers assigned by major bibliographic
  460. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  461.  
  462. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>utilities such as OCLC
  463. and RLG, national library numbers
  464. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  465.  
  466. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>such as the Library of
  467. Congress Control Number) or are under
  468. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  469.  
  470. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>development.  While we
  471. do not discuss them in this document,
  472. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  473.  
  474. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>many of these will also
  475. need to be supported within the URN
  476. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  477.  
  478. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>framework as it moves to
  479. large scale implementation.  The
  480. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  481.  
  482. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>issues involved in
  483. supporting those additional identifiers
  484. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  485.  
  486. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>are anticipated to be
  487. broadly similar to those involved in
  488. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  489.  
  490. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>supporting ISBNs, ISSNs,
  491. and SICIs.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  492.  
  493.  
  494.  
  495. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>2. Identification vs.
  496. Resolution</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  497.  
  498.  
  499. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>It is important to
  500. distinguish between the resource
  501. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  502.  
  503. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identified by a URN and
  504. the resources that can reasonably be
  505. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  506.  
  507. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>provided when attempting
  508. to resolve an identifier.=20
  509. =46or</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  510.  
  511.  
  512. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  513.                            [Page
  514. 3]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  515.  
  516.  
  517. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  518. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  519. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  520.  
  521.  
  522.  
  523. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example, the ISSN
  524. 0040-781X identifies the
  525. popular</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  526.  
  527. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>"Time".  All of it,
  528. every issue for from the start of
  529. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  530.  
  531. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publication to present.=20
  532. Resolving such an identifier should
  533. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  534.  
  535. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>not result in the
  536. equivalent of hundreds of thousands of
  537. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  538.  
  539. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>pages of text and photos
  540. being dumped to the user's
  541. machine.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  542.  
  543. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>It is more reasonable
  544. for ISSNs to resolve to a navigational
  545. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  546.  
  547. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>system, such as an
  548. HTML-based search form, so the user may
  549. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  550.  
  551. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>select issues or
  552. articles of interest.  ISBNs and SICIs,
  553. on</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  554.  
  555. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the other hand, do
  556. identify finite, manageably-sized
  557. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  558.  
  559. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>objects, but they may
  560. still be large enough that resolution
  561. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  562.  
  563. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to a hierarchical system
  564. is appropriate.  </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  565.  
  566.  
  567. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>In addition, the
  568. materials identified by an ISSN, ISBN or
  569. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  570.  
  571. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>SICI may exist only in
  572. printed or other physical form, not
  573. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  574.  
  575. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>electronically.  The
  576. best that a resolver may be able to
  577. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  578.  
  579. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>offer is information
  580. about where to get the physical
  581. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  582.  
  583. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>resource, such as
  584. library holdings or a bookstore or
  585. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  586.  
  587. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publisher order form.=20
  588. The URN Framework provides resolution
  589. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  590.  
  591. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>services that may be
  592. used to describe any differences
  593. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  594.  
  595. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>between the resource
  596. identified by a URN and the resource
  597. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  598.  
  599. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>that would be returned
  600. as a result of resolving that
  601. URN.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  602.  
  603.  
  604.  
  605. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3. International
  606. Standard Book Numbers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  607.  
  608.  
  609. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3.1
  610. Overview</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  611.  
  612.  
  613. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>An International
  614. Standard Book Number (ISBN) identifies an
  615. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  616.  
  617. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>edition of a monographic
  618. work.  The ISBN is defined by the
  619. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  620.  
  621. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standard NISO/ANSI/ISO
  622. 2108:1992 [ISO 1]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  623.  
  624.  
  625. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Basically, an ISBN is a
  626. ten-digit number (actually, the last
  627. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  628.  
  629. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>digit can be the letter
  630. "X" as well, as described below)
  631. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  632.  
  633. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>which is divided into
  634. four variable length parts usually
  635. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  636.  
  637. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>separated by hyphens
  638. when printed.  The parts are as follows
  639. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  640.  
  641. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(in this order):
  642. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  643.  
  644.  
  645. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* a group identifier
  646. which specifies a group of publishers,
  647. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  648.  
  649. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>based on national,
  650. geographic or some other
  651. criteria,</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  652.  
  653.  
  654. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* the publisher
  655. identifier,</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  656.  
  657.  
  658. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  659.                           [Page
  660. 4]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  661.  
  662.  
  663. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  664. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  665. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  666.  
  667.  
  668.  
  669. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* the title
  670. identifier,</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  671.  
  672.  
  673. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* and a modulus 11 check
  674. digit, using X in lieu of
  675. 10.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  676.  
  677.  
  678. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The group and publisher
  679. number assignments are managed in
  680. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  681.  
  682. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>such a way that the
  683. hyphens are not needed to parse the ISBN
  684. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  685.  
  686. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>unambiguously into its
  687. constituent parts.  However, the ISBN
  688. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  689.  
  690. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>is normally transmitted
  691. and displayed with hyphens to make
  692. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  693.  
  694. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>it easy for human beings
  695. to recognize these parts without
  696. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  697.  
  698. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>having to make reference
  699. to or have knowledge of the number
  700. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  701.  
  702. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>assignments for group
  703. and publisher
  704. identifiers.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  705.  
  706.  
  707. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3.2 Encoding
  708. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  709.  
  710.  
  711. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Embedding ISBNs within
  712. the URN framework presents no
  713. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  714.  
  715. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>particular coding
  716. problems, since all of the characters that
  717. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  718.  
  719. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>can appear in an ISBN
  720. are valid in the identifier segment of
  721. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  722.  
  723. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the URN.  %-encoding is
  724. never needed.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  725.  
  726.  
  727. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Example:
  728. URN:ISBN:0-395-36341-1</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  729.  
  730.  
  731. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For the ISBN namespace,
  732. some additional equivalence rules
  733. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  734.  
  735. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>are appropriate.  Prior
  736. to comparing two ISBN URNs for
  737. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  738.  
  739. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>equivalence, it is
  740. appropriate to remove all hyphens, and to
  741. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  742.  
  743. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>convert any occurrences
  744. of the letter X to upper
  745. case.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  746.  
  747.  
  748. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3.3 Additional
  749. considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  750.  
  751.  
  752. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The ISBN standard and
  753. related community implementation
  754. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  755.  
  756. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>guidelines define when
  757. different versions of a work should
  758. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  759.  
  760. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>be assigned the same or
  761. differing ISBNs.  In actuality,
  762. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  763.  
  764. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>however, practice varies
  765. somewhat depending on publisher as
  766. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  767.  
  768. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to whether different
  769. ISBNs are assigned for paperbound vs.
  770. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  771.  
  772. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>hardbound versions of
  773. the same work, electronic vs. printed
  774. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  775.  
  776. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>versions of the same
  777. work, or versions of the same work
  778. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  779.  
  780. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>published for example in
  781. the US and in Europe.  The choice
  782. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  783.  
  784. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of whether to assign a
  785. new ISBN or to reuse an existing one
  786. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  787.  
  788. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>when publishing a
  789. revised printing of an existing edition of
  790. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  791.  
  792. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>a work or even a revised
  793. edition of a work is
  794. somewhat</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  795.  
  796. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>subjective.  Practice
  797. varies from publisher to publisher
  798. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  799.  
  800. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(indeed, the distinction
  801. between a revised printing and a
  802. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  803.  
  804. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>new edition is itself
  805. somewhat subjective).  The use of
  806. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  807.  
  808.  
  809. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  810.                            [Page
  811. 5]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  812.  
  813.  
  814. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  815. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  816. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  817.  
  818.  
  819.  
  820. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISBNs within the URN
  821. framework simply reflects these
  822. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  823.  
  824. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>existing practices.=20
  825. Note that it is likely that an ISBN URN
  826. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  827.  
  828. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>will often resolve to
  829. many instances of the work (many
  830. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  831.  
  832. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URLs).</fontfamily><fontfamil=
  833. y><param>Times</param>
  834.  
  835.  
  836.  
  837. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4. International
  838. Standard Serials Numbers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  839.  
  840.  
  841. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4.1
  842. Overview</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  843.  
  844.  
  845. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>International Standard
  846. Serials Numbers (ISSN) identify a
  847. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  848.  
  849. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>work that is being
  850. published on a continued basis in issues;
  851. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  852.  
  853. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>they identify the entire
  854. (often open-ended, in the case of
  855. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  856.  
  857. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>an actively published)
  858. work.  ISSNs are defined by the
  859. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  860.  
  861. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standards ISO 3297:1986
  862. [ISO 2] and ISO/DIS 3297 [ISO 3] and
  863. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  864.  
  865. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>within the United States
  866. by NISO Z39.9-1992 [NISO 1].  The
  867. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  868.  
  869. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISSN International
  870. Centre is located in Paris and
  871. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  872.  
  873. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>coordinates a network of
  874. regional centers.  The National
  875. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  876.  
  877. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Serials Data Program
  878. within the Library of Congress is the
  879. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  880.  
  881. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>US Center of this
  882. network.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  883.  
  884.  
  885. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISSNs have the form
  886. NNNN-NNNN where N is a digit, the last
  887. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  888.  
  889. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>digit may be an upper
  890. case X as the result of the check
  891. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  892.  
  893. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>character calculation.=20
  894. Unlike the ISBN the ISSN components
  895. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  896.  
  897. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>do not have much
  898. structure; blocks of numbers are passed out
  899. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  900.  
  901. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to the regional centers
  902. and publishers.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  903.  
  904.  
  905. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4.2 Encoding
  906. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  907.  
  908.  
  909. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Again, there is no
  910. problem representing ISSNs in the
  911. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  912.  
  913. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>namespace-specific
  914. string of URNs since all characters valid
  915. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  916.  
  917. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>in the ISSN are valid in
  918. the namespace-specific URN string,
  919. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  920.  
  921. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>and %-encoding is never
  922. required. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  923.  
  924.  
  925. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Example:
  926. URN:ISSN:1046-8188</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  927.  
  928.  
  929. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Supplementary comparison
  930. rules are also appropriate for the
  931. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  932.  
  933. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISSN namespace.  Just as
  934. for ISBNs, hyphens should be
  935. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  936.  
  937. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>dropped prior to
  938. comparison and occurrences of 'x'
  939. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  940.  
  941. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>normalized to
  942. uppercase.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  943.  
  944.  
  945.  
  946. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  947.                            [Page
  948. 6]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  949.  
  950.  
  951.  
  952. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  953. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  954. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  955.  
  956.  
  957.  
  958. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4.3 Additional
  959. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  960.  
  961.  
  962. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The ISSN standard and
  963. related community implementation
  964. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  965.  
  966. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>guidelines specify when
  967. new ISSNs should be assigned vs.
  968. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  969.  
  970. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>continuing to use an
  971. existing one.  There are some
  972. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  973.  
  974. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publications where
  975. practice within the bibliographic
  976. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  977.  
  978. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>community varies from
  979. site to site, such as annuals or
  980. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  981.  
  982. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>annual conference
  983. proceedings.  In some cases these are
  984. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  985.  
  986. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>treated as serials and
  987. ISSNs are used, and in some cases
  988. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  989.  
  990. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>they are treated as
  991. monographs and ISBNs are used.  For
  992. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  993.  
  994. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example SIGMOD Record
  995. volume 24 number 2 June 1995 contains
  996. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  997.  
  998. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the Proceedings of the
  999. 1995 ACM SIGMOD International
  1000. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1001.  
  1002. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Conference on Management
  1003. of Data.  If you subscribe to the
  1004. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1005.  
  1006. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>journal (ISSN 0163-5808)
  1007. this is simply the June issue.  On
  1008. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1009.  
  1010. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the other hand you may
  1011. have acquired this volume as the
  1012. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1013.  
  1014. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>conference proceedings
  1015. (a monograph) and as such would use
  1016. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1017.  
  1018. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the ISBN 0-89791-731-6
  1019. to identify the work.  There are also
  1020. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1021.  
  1022. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>varying practices within
  1023. the publishing community as to when
  1024. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1025.  
  1026. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>new ISSNs are assigned
  1027. due to the change in the name of a
  1028. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1029.  
  1030. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>periodical (Atlantic
  1031. becomes Atlantic Monthly); or when a
  1032. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1033.  
  1034. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>periodical is published
  1035. both in printed and electronic
  1036. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1037.  
  1038. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>versions (The New York
  1039. Times).  The use of ISSNs as URNs
  1040. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1041.  
  1042. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>will reflect these
  1043. judgments and practices.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1044.  
  1045.  
  1046.  
  1047. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5. Serial Item and
  1048. Contribution Identifiers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1049.  
  1050.  
  1051. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5.1
  1052. Overview</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1053.  
  1054.  
  1055. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The standard for Serial
  1056. Item and Contribution Identifiers
  1057. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1058.  
  1059. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(SICI) has recently been
  1060. extensively revised and is defined
  1061. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1062.  
  1063. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>by NISO/ANSI Z39.56-1997
  1064. [NISO 2].  The maintenance agency
  1065. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1066.  
  1067. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>for the SICI code is the
  1068. UnCover Corporation.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1069.  
  1070.  
  1071. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>SICI codes can be used
  1072. to identify an issue of a serial, or
  1073. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1074.  
  1075. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>a specific contribution
  1076. (i.e., an article, or the table of
  1077. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1078.  
  1079. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>contents) within an
  1080. issue of a serial.  SICI codes are not
  1081. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1082.  
  1083. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>assigned, they are
  1084. constructed based on information about
  1085. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1086.  
  1087. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the issue or issue
  1088. component in question.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1089.  
  1090.  
  1091. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The complete syntax for
  1092. the SICI code will not be discussed
  1093. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1094.  
  1095. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>here; see NISO/ANSI
  1096. Z39.56-1997 for details.  However an
  1097. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1098.  
  1099. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example and brief review
  1100. of the major components is
  1101. needed</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1102.  
  1103.  
  1104. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1105.                            [Page
  1106. 7]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1107.  
  1108.  
  1109. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  1110. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  1111. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1112.  
  1113.  
  1114.  
  1115. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to understand the
  1116. relationship with the ISSN and how this
  1117. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1118.  
  1119. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identifier differs.  An
  1120. example of a SICI code
  1121. is:</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1122.  
  1123.  
  1124. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>0015-6914(19960101)157:1<<62:=
  1125. KTSW>2.0.TX;2-F</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1126.  
  1127.  
  1128. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The first nine
  1129. characters are the ISSN identifying the
  1130. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1131.  
  1132. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial title.  The
  1133. second component, in parentheses, is the
  1134. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1135.  
  1136. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>chronology information
  1137. giving the date the particular serial
  1138. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1139.  
  1140. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>issue was published.  In
  1141. this example that date was January
  1142. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1143.  
  1144. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>1, 1996.  The third
  1145. component, 157:1, is enumeration
  1146. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1147.  
  1148. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>information (volume,
  1149. number) on the particular issue of the
  1150. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1151.  
  1152. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial.  These three
  1153. components comprise the "item segment"
  1154. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1155.  
  1156. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of a SICI code.  By
  1157. augmenting the ISSN with the chronology
  1158. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1159.  
  1160. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>and/or enumeration
  1161. information, specific issues of the
  1162. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1163.  
  1164. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial can be
  1165. identified.  The next segment, <<62:KTSW>,
  1166. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1167.  
  1168. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identifies a particular
  1169. contribution within the issue.  In
  1170. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1171.  
  1172. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>this example we provide
  1173. the starting page number and a title
  1174. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1175.  
  1176. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>code constructed from
  1177. the initial characters of the title.
  1178. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1179.  
  1180. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Identifiers assigned to
  1181. a contribution can be used in the
  1182. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1183.  
  1184. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>contribution segment if
  1185. page numbers are inappropriate.  The
  1186. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1187.  
  1188. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>rest of the identifier
  1189. is the control segment, which
  1190. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1191.  
  1192. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>includes a check
  1193. character.  Interested readers are
  1194. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1195.  
  1196. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>encouraged to consult
  1197. the standard for an explanation of the
  1198. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1199.  
  1200. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>fields in that
  1201. segment.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1202.  
  1203.  
  1204. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5.2 Encoding
  1205. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1206.  
  1207.  
  1208. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The character set for
  1209. SICIs is intended to be
  1210. email-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1211.  
  1212. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>transport-transparent,
  1213. so it does not present major
  1214. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1215.  
  1216. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>problems.  However, all
  1217. printable excluded and reserved
  1218. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1219.  
  1220. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>characters from the URN
  1221. syntax draft are valid in the SICI
  1222. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1223.  
  1224. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>character set and must
  1225. be %-encoded.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1226.  
  1227.  
  1228. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Example of a SICI for an
  1229. issue of a journal</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1230.  
  1231.  
  1232. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>   =20
  1233. URN:SICI:1046-8188(199501)13:1%3C%3E1.0.TX;2-F</fontfamily><fontfamily><para=
  1234. m>Times</param>
  1235.  
  1236.  
  1237. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For an article contained
  1238. within that issue</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1239.  
  1240.  
  1241. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>   =20
  1242. URN:SICI:1046-8188(199501)13:1%3C69:FTTHBI%3E2.0.TX;2-4</fontfamily><fontfam=
  1243. ily><param>Times</param>
  1244.  
  1245.  
  1246.  
  1247. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1248.                            [Page
  1249. 8]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1250.  
  1251.  
  1252. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  1253. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  1254. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1255.  
  1256.  
  1257.  
  1258. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Special equivalence
  1259. rules for SICIs are not appropriate for
  1260. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1261.  
  1262. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>definition as part of
  1263. the namespace and incorporation in
  1264. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1265.  
  1266. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>areas such as cache
  1267. management algorithms.  These are best
  1268. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1269.  
  1270. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>left to resolver systems
  1271. which try to determine if two SICIs
  1272. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1273.  
  1274. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>refer to the same
  1275. content.  Consequently, we do not propose
  1276. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1277.  
  1278. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>any specific rules for
  1279. equivalence testing through lexical
  1280. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1281.  
  1282. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>manipulation.</fontfamily><fo=
  1283. ntfamily><param>Times</param>
  1284.  
  1285.  
  1286. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5.3 Additional
  1287. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1288.  
  1289.  
  1290. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Since the serial is
  1291. identified by an ISSN, some of the
  1292. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1293.  
  1294. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ambiguity currently
  1295. found in the assignment of ISSNs carries
  1296. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1297.  
  1298. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>over into SICI codes.=20
  1299. In cases where an ISSN may refer to a
  1300. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1301.  
  1302. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial that exists in
  1303. multiple formats, the SICI contains a
  1304. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1305.  
  1306. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>qualifier that specifies
  1307. the format type (for example,
  1308. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1309.  
  1310. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>print, microform, or
  1311. electronic).  SICI codes may be
  1312. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1313.  
  1314. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>constructed from a
  1315. variety of sources (the actual issue of
  1316. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1317.  
  1318. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the  serial, a citation
  1319. or a record from an abstracting
  1320. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1321.  
  1322. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>service) and, as such
  1323. are based on the principle of using
  1324. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1325.  
  1326. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>all available
  1327. information, so there may be multiple SICI
  1328. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1329.  
  1330. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>codes representing the
  1331. same article [NISO2, Appenidx D].=20
  1332. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1333.  
  1334. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For example, one code
  1335. might be constructed with access to
  1336. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1337.  
  1338. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>both chronology and
  1339. enumeration (that is, date of issue and
  1340. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1341.  
  1342. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>volume, issue and page
  1343. number), another code might be
  1344. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1345.  
  1346. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>constructed based only
  1347. on enumeration information and
  1348. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1349.  
  1350. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>without benefit of
  1351. chronology.  Systems that use SICI codes
  1352. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1353.  
  1354. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>employ complex matching
  1355. algorithms to try to match SICI
  1356. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1357.  
  1358. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>codes constructed from
  1359. incomplete information to SICI codes
  1360. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1361.  
  1362. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>constructed with the
  1363. benefit of all relevant
  1364. information.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1365.  
  1366.  
  1367. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>6. Security
  1368. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1369.  
  1370.  
  1371. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>This document proposes
  1372. means of encoding several existing
  1373. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1374.  
  1375. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>bibliographic
  1376. identifiers within the URN framework.  It does
  1377. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1378.  
  1379. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>not discuss resolution;
  1380. thus questions of secure or
  1381. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1382.  
  1383. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>authenticated resolution
  1384. mechanisms are out of scope.  It
  1385. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1386.  
  1387. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>does not address means
  1388. of validating the integrity or
  1389. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1390.  
  1391. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>authenticating the
  1392. source or provenance of URNs that contain
  1393. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1394.  
  1395. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>bibliographic
  1396. identifiers.  Issues regarding intellectual
  1397. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1398.  
  1399. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>property rights
  1400. associated with objects identified by
  1401. the</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1402.  
  1403. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>various bibliographic
  1404. identifiers are also beyond the scope
  1405. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1406.  
  1407. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of this document, as are
  1408. questions about rights to the
  1409. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1410.  
  1411. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>databases that might be
  1412. used to construct
  1413. resolvers.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1414.  
  1415.  
  1416. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1417.                            [Page
  1418. 9]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1419.  
  1420.  
  1421. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  1422. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  1423. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1424.  
  1425.  
  1426. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>7.
  1427. References</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1428.  
  1429.  
  1430. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[ISO1] NISO/ANSI/ISO
  1431. 2108:1992 Information and documentation
  1432. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1433.  
  1434. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       -- International
  1435. standard book number
  1436. (ISBN)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1437.  
  1438. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[ISO2] ISO 3297:1986
  1439. Documentation -- International standard
  1440. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1441.  
  1442. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       serial numbering
  1443. (ISSN)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1444.  
  1445. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[ISO3] ISO/DIS 3297
  1446. Information and documentation --
  1447. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1448.  
  1449. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       International
  1450. standard serial numbering (ISSN)
  1451. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1452.  
  1453. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       (Revision of ISO
  1454. 3297:1986)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1455.  
  1456. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[Moats] R. Moats, "URN
  1457. Syntax"
  1458. draft-ietf-urn-syntax-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1459.  
  1460. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       04.text. March
  1461. 1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1462.  
  1463. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[NISO 1] NISO/ANSI
  1464. Z39.9-1992 International standard
  1465. serial</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1466.  
  1467. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       numbering
  1468. (ISSN)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1469.  
  1470. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[NISO 2] NISO/ANSI
  1471. Z39.56-1997 Serial Item and
  1472. Contribution</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1473.  
  1474. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>     =20
  1475. Identifier</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1476.  
  1477. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[Sollins & Masinter] K.
  1478. Sollins and L. Masinter,
  1479. "Functional</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1480.  
  1481. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       Requirements for
  1482. Uniform Resource Names", RFC 1737
  1483. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1484.  
  1485. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       December
  1486. 1994.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1487.  
  1488.  
  1489. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>8. Author's
  1490. Addresses</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1491.  
  1492.  
  1493. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Clifford
  1494. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1495.  
  1496. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>University of California
  1497. Office of the President</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1498.  
  1499. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>300 Lakeside Drive, 8th
  1500. floor</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1501.  
  1502. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Oakland CA
  1503. 94612-3550</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1504.  
  1505. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>clifford.lynch@ucop.edu</font=
  1506. family><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1507.  
  1508.  
  1509. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Cecilia
  1510. Preston</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1511.  
  1512. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Preston &
  1513. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1514.  
  1515. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>PO Box
  1516. 8310</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1517.  
  1518. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Emeryville, CA
  1519. 94662</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1520.  
  1521. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>cecilia@well.com</fontfamily>=
  1522. <fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1523.  
  1524.  
  1525. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Ron Daniel
  1526. Jr.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1527.  
  1528. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Advanced Computing Lab,
  1529. MS B287</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1530.  
  1531. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Los Alamos National
  1532. Laboratory</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1533.  
  1534. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Los Alamos, NM,
  1535. 87545</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1536.  
  1537. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>voice: +1 505 665
  1538. 0597</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1539.  
  1540. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>fax: +1 505 665
  1541. 4939</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1542.  
  1543. <bigger>http://www.acl.lanl.gov/~rdaniel</bigger>
  1544.  
  1545.  
  1546.  
  1547.  
  1548.  
  1549. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1550.                           [Page
  1551. 10]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1552.  
  1553. </fontfamily></bigger>
  1554.  
  1555.